Population Action International

Appendix: End Notes


  1. Sedgh G, R Hussain, A Bankole and S Singh. 2007. “Women with an Unmet Need for Contraception in Developing Countries and Their Reasons for Not Using a Method.” Occasional Report No. 37. New York: Guttmacher Institute.
  2. Hughes V, RD Stall, C Klouri, DC Barrett, EI Arevalo, N Hearst. 1995. “AIDS risk-taking behavior during Carnival in São Paulo, Brazil.” AIDS 9(Suppl 1): S39-S44. Cited in: Hearst N and S Chen. 2004. “Condom Promotion for AIDS Prevention in the Developing World: Is It Working?” Studies in Family Planning 35(1): 39-47.
  3. Hearst N and S Chen. 2004. “Condom Promotion for AIDS Prevention in the Developing World: Is It Working?” Studies in Family Planning 35(1): 39-47.
  4. Adu-Oppong A, R Grimes, M Ross, J Risser, and G Kessie. 2007. “Social and Behavioral Determinants of Consistent Condom Use among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Ghana.” AIDS Education and Prevention 19(2): 160-172.
  5. Mayer L, C Matthews, F Little and S Karim. 2001. “The Fate of Condoms Distributed to the Public in South Africa.” AIDS. 15(6): 789-793.
  6. Cleland J and MM Ali. 2006. “Sexual abstinence, contraception and condom use by young African women: a secondary analysis of survey data.” The Lancet 386: 1788-1793.
  7. Population Services International (PSI). 2007. AIDSMark A Decade of Innovative Marketing for Health: Lessons Learned. Washington, DC: PSI.
  8. Ibid.
  9. Ibid.
  10. Ibid.
  11. Ibid.
  12. Meekers D, R Van Rossem, M Silva, A Koleros. 2007. “The Reach and Effect of Radio Communication Campaigns on Condom Use in Malawi.” Studies in Family Planning 38(2): 113-120.
  13. M Katz I. 2006. “Explaining the Increase in Condom Use Among South African Young Females.” Journal of Health Communication 11: 737-753.
  14. Plautz A and D Meekers. 2007. “Evaluation of the reach and impact of the 100% Jeune youth social marketing program in Cameroon: findings from three cross-sectional surveys.” Reproductive Health 4(1).
  15. Porto MP. 2007. “Fighting AIDS Among Adolescent Women: Effects of a Public Communication Campaign in Brazil.” Journal of Health Communication 12: 121-132.
  16. Sopheab H, PM Gorbach, S Gloyd, HB Leng. 2003. “Rural sex work in Cambodia: work characteristics, risk behaviours, HIV and syphilis.” Sexually Transmitted Infections 79: e2. Cited in: Voeten HACM, OB Egesah, CM Varkevisser, JDF Habbema. 2007. “Female sex workers and unsafe sex in urban and rural Nyanza, Kenya: regular partners may contribute more to HIV transmission than clients.” Tropical Medicine and International Health 12(2): 174-182.
  17. Prata N, F Vahidnia and A Fraser. 2005. “Gender and Relationship Differences in Condom Use Among 15-24-Year-Olds in Angola.” International Family Planning Perspectives. 31(4): 192-199.
  18. Hirsch J, S Meneses, B Thompson, M Negroni, B Pelcastre, C del Rio. 2007. “The Inevitability of Infidelity: Sexual Reputation, Social Geographies, and Marital HIV Risk in Rural Mexico.” American Journal of Public Health 97(6): 986-996.
  19. Weir SS, JE Tate, B Zhusupov and JT Boerma. 2004. “Where the action is: monitoring local trends in sexual behaviour.” Sex Transm Infect. 80(Suppl II): ii63-ii68.
  20. MEASURE Evaluation. Accessed online at: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/publications/index.php?searchterm=PLACE on April 26, 2008.
  21. MEASURE Evaluation manual on PLACE. Part 5: Using Results to Improve Programs. Accessed online at: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/training/mentor/population_research/place/part5.html#4701 on May 23, 2008.
  22. Behrman J, HP Kohler, SC Watkins. 2003. “Social Networks, HIV/AIDS and Risk Perceptions.” PIER Working Paper No. 03-007. Accessed online at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=382844 on May 19, 2008. Helleringer S and HP Kohler. 2007. “Sexual Network Structure and the Spread of HIV in Africa: Evidence from Likoma Island, Malawi.” AIDS 21: 2323-2332.
  23. Smith K and S Watkins. 2005. “Perceptions of risk and strategies for prevention: repsonses to HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi.” Social Science & Medicine 60: 649-660.
  24. Gardner R, RD Blackburn and UD Upadhyay. 1999. “Closing the condom gap.” Population Reports Series H(9): 35. Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Population Information Program.
  25. Ibid.
  26. Mansor N, N Hasniah Kasim and Y Lu. 2005. “Malaysia: Labeling Regulations on Natural Rubber Condoms and the WTO TBT Agreement.” In Managing the Challenges of WTO Participation: 45 Case Studies, edited by P Gallagher, P Low and A Stoler, 337-348. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  27. Personal communication with W. Howe, PolyTech Synergies LLC on March 26, 2008.
  28. UNFPA. 2007. Donor Support for Contraceptives and Condoms for STI/HIV Prevention 2006. New York: UNFPA.
  29. Gardner R, RD Blackburn and UD Upadhyay. 1999. “Closing the condom gap.” Population Reports Series H(9): 35. Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Population Information Program.
  30. Howe W. 2005. “Global Trends in the Condom Industry.” Rubber Asia. Accessed online at: http://www.polytechsynergies.com/images/Global_Trends_in_the_Condom_Industry.doc on May 19, 2008.
  31. UNFPA. 1995. “Local Production of Contraceptives.” Evaluation Findings: Office of Oversight and Evaluation.” Issue 5. Accessed online at: http://www.unfpa.org/monitoring/pdf/n-issue5.pdf on March 20, 2008.

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