Population Action International

Appendix: End Notes

  1. Schutt-Aine J and M Maddaleno. 2003. Sexual health and development of adolescents and youth in the Americas: Program and policy implications. Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization. Cited in: Juarez F and TC Martín. 2006. “Safe Sex Versus Safe Love? Relationship Context and Condom Use Among Male Adolescents in the Favelas of Recife, Brazil.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 35(1): 25-35.
  2. Burt M. 1998. Why should we invest in adolscents? Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization, Program of Health, Family and Population & W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Cited in: Juarez F and TC Martín. 2006. “Safe Sex Versus Safe Love? Relationship Context and Condom Use Among Male Adolescents in the Favelas of Recife, Brazil.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 35(1): 25-35.
  3. Snelling D, DWR Omariba, S Hong, K Georgiades, Y Racine, MH Boyle. 2006. “HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Women’s Education, Epidemic Severity and Protective Sexual Behavior in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.” Journal of Biosocial Science 39: 421-442.
  4. Bauni EK and BO Jarabi. 2000. “Family Planning and Sexual Behavior in the Era of HIV/AIDS: The Case of Nakuru District, Kenya.” Studies in Family Planning 31(1): 69-80.
  5. Drezin J, MA Torres and K Daly. 2007. “Barriers to Condom Access: Setting an Agenda.” ICASO Advocacy Briefing. International Council of AIDS Service Organizations (ICASO).
  6. Smith D. 2007. “Modern Marriage, Men’s Extramarital Sex, and HIV Risk in Southeastern and HIV Risk in Southeastern Nigeria.” American Journal of Public Health 97(6): 997-1005.
  7. Maharaj P and J Cleland. 2004. “Condom Use Within Marital and Cohabitating Partnerships in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” Studies in Family Planning 35: 116-124.
  8. Nyblade L, R Pande, S Mathur, K MacQuarrie, R Kidd, H Banteyerga, A Kidanu, G Kilonzo, J Mbwambo, V Bond. 2003. Disentangling HIV and AIDS Stigma in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women.
  9. Chimbiri AM. 2007. “The condom is an ‘intruder’ in marriage: Evidence from rural Malawi.” Social Science & Medicine 64: 1102-1115.
  10. Maharaj P and J Cleland. 2004. “Condom Use Within Marital and Cohabitating Partnerships in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” Studies in Family Planning 35: 116-124.
  11. Onah H, G Hoabachie, S Obi, F Ezugwu and J Eze. 2002. “Nigerian Male Sexual Activity During Pregnancy.” International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 76(2): 219-223.
  12. Berer M. 2006. “Dual Protection: More Needed than Practiced or Understood.” Reproductive Health Matters 14(28): 162-170.
  13. Barbosa RM and WV Villela. 1995. “Sterilisation and Sexual Behavior Among Women in São Paulo, Brazil.” Reproductive Health Matters 5: 37-46.
  14. Ibid.
  15. Bauni EK and BO Jarabi. 2000. “Family Planning and Sexual Behavior in the Era of HIV/AIDS: The Case of Nakuru District, Kenya.” Studies in Family Planning 31(1): 75.
  16. Foss, A, M Hossain, P Vickerman and C Watts. 2007. “A Systematic Review of Published Evidence on Intervention Impact on Condom Use in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.” Sex Transm Inf 83: 510-516.
  17. Xu F, P Kilmarx, S Supawitkul, C Manopaiboon, S Yanpaisarn, K Limpakarnjanarat, S Chaikummao, PA Mock, NL Young, TD Mastro. 2002. “Incidence of HIV-1 infection and effects of clinic-based counseling on HIV preventive behaviors among married women in northern Thailand.” J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 29: 284-288. Cited in: Foss A, M Hossain, P Vickerman and C Watts. 2007. “A Systematic Review of Published Evidence on Intervention Impact on Condom Use in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.” Sex Transm Inf 83: 510-516.
  18. Tripiboon D. 2001. “A HIV/AIDS prevention program for married women in rural northern Thailand.” Aust J Primary Health Interchange 7: 83-91. Cited in: Foss A, M Hossain, P Vickerman and C Watts. 2007. “A Systematic Review of Published Evidence on Intervention Impact on Condom Use in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.” Sex Transm Inf 83: 510-516.
  19. Williamson N, J Liku, K McLoughlin, I Nyamongo and F Nakayima. 2006. “A Qualitative Study of Condom Use among Married Couples in Kampala, Uganda.” Reproductive Health Matters 14(28): 89-98.
  20. Smith KP and S Watkins. 2004. “Perceptions of risk and strategies for prevention: responses to HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi.” Social Science & Medicine 60: 649-660.
  21. Pullum T, J Cleland and I Shah. 2005. “Consensus, power and trust in the use of family planning and condoms by couples in Eastern and Southern Africa.” Paper presented at XXV International Conference of the IUSSP, Session 124, Tours, 18-23 July. Cited in: Cleland J, MM Ali and I Shah. 2006. “Trends in Protective Behavior among Single vs Married Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Big Picture.” Reproductive Health Matters 14(28): 17-22.
  22. Maharaj P and J Cleland. 2005. “Risk Perception and Condom Use Among Married Or Cohabitating Couples in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” International Family Planning Perspectives 31(1): 24-29.
  23. Foss A, M Hossain, P Vickerman and C Watts. 2007. “A Systematic Review of Published Evidence on Intervention Impact on Condom Use in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.” Sex Transm Inf 83: 510-516.
  24. Williamson N, J Liku, K McLoughlin, I Nyamongo and F Nakayima. 2006. “A Qualitative Study of Condom Use Among Married Couples in Kampala, Uganda.” Reproductive Health Matters 14(28): 89-98.
  25. Pullum T, J Cleland and I Shah. 2004. “Factors affecting condom use in primary sexual relationships in sub-Saharan Africa.” Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Boston. Cited in: Cleland J, MM Ali and I Shah. 2006. “Trends in Protective Behavior among Single vs Married Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Big Picture.” Reproductive Health Matters 14(28): 17-22.
  26. Smith D. 2007. “Modern Marriage, Men’s Extramarital Sex, and HIV Risk in Southeastern and HIV Risk in Southeastern Nigeria.” American Journal of Public Health 97(6): 997-1005.
  27. Carpenter LM, A Kamali, A Ruberantwari, S Malamba, JAG Whitworth. 1999. “Rates of HIV-1 transmission within marriage in rural Uganda in relation to the HIV ser-status of the partners.” AIDS 13: 1083-1089. Cited in: Bunnell RE, J Nassozi, E Marum, J Mubangizi, S Malamba, B Dillon, J Kalule, J Bahizi, N Musoke, JH Mermin. 2005. “Living with Discordance: Knowledge, Challenges, and Prevention Strategies of HIV-Discordant Couples in Uganda.” AIDS Care 17(8): 999-1012.
  28. Lurie MN, BG Williams, K Zuma, D Mkaya-Mwamburi, GP Garnett, MD Sweat, et al. 2003. “Who infects whom? HIV-1 concordance and discordance among migrant and on-migrant couples in South Africa.” AIDS 17: 2245-2252. Cited in: Bunnell RE, J Nassozi, E Marum, J Mubangizi, S Malamba, B Dillon, J Kalule, J Bahizi, N Musoke, JH Mermin. 2005. “Living with Discordance: Knowledge, Challenges, and Prevention Strategies of HIV-Discordant Couples in Uganda.” AIDS Care 17(8): 999-1012.
  29. McKenna SL, GK Muyinda, D Roth, M Mwali, N Ng’Andu, A Myrick, et al. 1997. “Rapid HIV testing and counseling for voluntary testing centers in Africa.” AIDS 11: S103-s110. Cited in: Bunnell RE, J Nassozi, E Marum, J Mubangizi, S Malamba, B Dillon, J Kalule, J Bahizi, N Musoke, JH Mermin. 2005. “Living with Discordance: Knowledge, Challenges, and Prevention Strategies of HIV-Discordant Couples in Uganda.” AIDS Care 17(8): 999-1012.
  30. Kabatesi D, R Ransom, JR Lule, A Coutinho, F Baryarama, RE Bunnell. 2002. “HIV prevalence among household members of persons living with HIV in rural Uganda.” XIV International AIDS Conference. Barcelona abstract TuPeD4910. Cited in: Bunnell RE, J Nassozi, E Marum, J Mubangizi, S Malamba, B Dillon, J Kalule, J Bahizi, N Musoke, JH Mermin. 2005. “Living with Discordance: Knowledge, Challenges, and Prevention Strategies of HIV-Discordant Couples in Uganda.” AIDS Care 17(8): 999-1012.
  31. White J, D Melvin, C Moore, S Crowley. 1997. “Parental HIV discordancy and its impact on the family.” AIDS Care 9: 609-614. Cited in: Bunnell RE, J Nassozi, E Marum, J Mubangizi, S Malamba, B Dillon, J Kalule, J Bahizi, N Musoke, JH Mermin. 2005. “Living with Discordance: Knowledge, Challenges, and Prevention Strategies of HIV-Discordant Couples in Uganda.” AIDS Care 17(8): 999-1012.


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